Skydiving Glossary
Learn the language of the skies! Below you’ll find common skydiving terms and their meanings, organized alphabetically.
A
AAD (Automatic Activation Device)
Safety device that automatically deploys the reserve parachute at a preset altitude if the jumper fails to pull.
AAD Firing
The activation event of an Automatic Activation Device (AAD) that cuts the reserve closing loop and deploys the reserve parachute automatically when preset altitude and speed thresholds are met.
A-License
The first level of skydiving license, allowing solo jumps after completing student training.
Accordion (Open)
RW formation with flyers linked hand-to-hand in a line. Old term; now referred to as Block F. Official Random F – Open Accordion.
Accuracy Landing
Canopy discipline where jumpers aim to land precisely on a target pad within centimeters. Also called Classic Accuracy.
AFF (Accelerated Freefall)
Student training method where instructors hold the student during initial freefalls.
Airlock
A canopy design feature using one-way valves to trap air for greater stability.
Airspace
The vertical sky or tunnel volume assigned to a group during a jump or flight.
Airspeed
Speed of airflow over the flyer, canopy, or aircraft; in tunnels, windspeed inside the chamber.
Altimeter
Instrument indicating altitude; may be analog, digital, or audible.
Anchor
VFS random formation in which flyers build a stable grip structure resembling an anchor shape. Performed in either mixed or vertical orientation depending on draw pool rules.
Anchor Point
Reference point on the body used to maintain stability in rotation, common in freestyle.
Angle Flying
Freefly discipline combining horizontal and vertical components for forward movement; also called Atmonauti.
Angry Pelican
VFS block formation involving a prescribed sequence of vertical grips and rotational movement. Part of the official FAI VFS Block Pool.
Arch
Stable belly-to-earth body position with hips forward; the foundation of controlled flight.
Arrow
Streamlined belly or back position with arms forward and legs together.
Audible
Helmet-mounted electronic altimeter providing altitude warnings via tones or vibration.
Axis Switch
Transition where a flyer changes the axis of rotation; used in freestyle and dynamic routines.
B
Backfly
Stable freefly or tunnel position on the back, used for control and transitions.
Backfly Cross
Backfly variation with arms and legs extended in a cross shape.
Backfly Mantis
Backfly position with bent arms and legs resembling the mantis posture.
Backfly Tuck
Backfly position with knees pulled in for stability and rotation control.
Back Slide
Controlled backward movement while flying on the back. In the sky often used as a derogatory term for someone uncontrollably flying backwards (usually during freefly).
Bag lock
A malfunction of a freefall system where lines have deployed but canopy is still trapped in bag.
Bail
Intentionally or unintentionally going out of a freefly position into back flying. In tunnel flying used to avoid collisions, while in skydiving other than avoiding collisions the back position offers the flyer to keep their speed relative to the formation (going into the belly position would slow you down too much).
Barrel Roll
Complete 360° roll around the flyer’s long axis.
Base
First jumper(s) in a formation; others build around them. Usually the most experienced flyers are in the base. Can also refer to the portion of the three-legged landing pattern where the jumper flies across the direction of the wind downwind of the landing area before turning for final approach into the wind toward the target.
BASE Burble
The area of disturbed air directly above and behind a wingsuit or canopy flyer, caused by their wake; can affect following flyers during proximity or flocking.
BASE Jump
Parachute jump made from a fixed object rather than an aircraft The acronym BASE stands for Building, Antenna, Span (bridge), Earth. Uses specialized single-parachute systems for low-altitude deployment. Although related to skydiving, it is treated as a distinct discipline due to its unique equipment, risks, and regulations.
Bat
Backfly pose with arms curved back and legs spread like wings.
Belly Fly
Stable, horizontal flight position where the flyer’s torso faces the relative wind, hips are pressed forward, arms and legs slightly bent, and the head and eyes are oriented toward the horizon for balance and awareness. Often referred to as the foundational skydiving body position.
Big Way
Large formation jump involving many participants. Sometimes called Mega-Way.
Bird Position
Slightly arched chest, arms extended forward, used in freestyle for graceful control.
Bipole
VFS block formation consisting of two linked pairs oriented vertically or mixed. Requires precise docking and symmetry.
Block
Competition figure composed of two parts (inter and end) in RW sequences.
Block Time
Pre-booked tunnel time purchased in bulk, often at a discounted rate.
BOC (Bottom-of-Container)
Pilot chute handle location at the bottom of container for clean deployment.
Booties
Jumpsuit with extra fabric on the feet which hook over the front of the shoe.
Boogie
Skydiving event combining organized jumps, parties, and social gatherings.
Bow
Curved body shape used for belly-fly stability.
Box
VFS random formation where flyers create a compact, square-like vertical arrangement.
Break-Off
The moment when jumpers separate for safe parachute deployment.
Bust
Error in a formation skydive or tunnel round where a grip, position, or configuration does not meet the competition rules. A bust can occur when a flyer takes a wrong grip, grips the wrong person, misses the assigned key, or the formation shape is incorrect. Judges deduct points or disallow the score for that formation. (Also used in VFS and FS to describe any invalid build.)
Bust (Dynamic)
A mistake or penalty in dynamic flying where a figure, line, or level is flown incorrectly or out of sequence. Examples include crossing a wrong line, missing a transition, flying at an incorrect height, or not maintaining the required orientation (head-up/head-down). Judges record a bust for any deviation from the official dive pool pattern, resulting in time penalties or invalid scores.
Breaker
Barrel-roll move performed while maintaining forward momentum in dynamic or freestyle flying; opposite direction called Anti-Breaker.
Brief
Pre-flight discussion outlining drills, goals, and safety before entering the tunnel airflow. Opposite of debrief.
Bungee
Rubber band used for stowing lines.
Burble
Turbulent air behind (or above) a flyer or canopy causing instability.
Burble Hop
Quick move sideways or upward to clear another flyer’s burble.
Butterfly
A symmetrical flying position with arms extended diagonally outward and legs opened or slightly bent, creating a wing-like shape. In freestyle, it is used as an artistic, balanced pose emphasizing body control and symmetry. In dynamic flying, “butterfly” also refers to a transitional phase used to open the body between orientation changes or while connecting lines in sequences such as snakes.
C
Camera Flyer
Skydiver filming others with helmet-mounted cameras; also called Video Flyer.
Canopy
The parachute used for descent and landing.
Canopy Formation (CF)
Discipline where jumpers build formations under open parachutes; formerly called CRW.
Canopy Piloting
Advanced canopy discipline focused on high-speed turns and precision landings.
Carve
Rotational flight movement around the tunnel or airspace while maintaining orientation.
Cat
RW formation where flyers are linked face-to-back.
Caterpillar
Extended cat formation forming a long linked chain.
Cataccord
Random formation combining cat and accordion grips; Official Random G.
Center
Central flyer or axis point in a formation.
Center Inside
FS slot position in 4-way formation skydiving; central flyer closest to aircraft door on exit.
Center Outside
FS slot position in 4-way formation skydiving; central flyer positioned farther from aircraft door on exit.
CF Team
Team specializing in canopy formation skydiving.
Chill
Relaxed sitfly position with minimal tension.
Chimmy
VFS block formation featuring rotational movement and alternating vertical grips.
Chop
Slang for cutting away the main parachute.
Chunk
Part of a formation that exits the plane together.
Circles
A dynamic flying move where the flyer maintains a consistent body orientation (head-up or head-down) while flying in continuous circular paths around the tunnel’s vertical axis. Used for practicing control, precision, and smooth carving transitions. Circles can be performed in both directions and at various levels of the flight chamber, forming the base for dynamic sequences such as snakes and mixed lines.
Class Time
Reserved tunnel session for coached flyers.
Closing Loop
Cord that secures the main container until deployment.
Closet Queen
Skydiving rig, parachute, jumpsuit, wingsuit, or any piece of equipment that has not been used for a long time and has been sitting in storage due to fear, injury, weather, burnout, lack of time, lack of money, or simple procrastination. Often used jokingly when someone finally brings out gear that hasn’t seen daylight in months (or years).
Coach
Qualified flyer teaching skydiving or tunnel disciplines.
Coach Jump
Jump done with a coach to learn new skills or qualify for a license.
Coach Rate
Tunnel rate including instruction or coaching services.
Coaching Session
Supervised tunnel time with coach feedback and drills.
Compass
Head-up freestyle pose with one leg extended and one bent for balance.
Compressed Accordion
RW formation variation with close spacing and bent bodies.
Compulsory Round
Competition round where flyers must perform a set sequence of predefined figures.
Container
Backpack-like system holding main and reserve canopies.
Control Zone
Area near the tunnel net used for basic instruction.
Cork
Sudden uncontrolled pop upward during freefly, losing speed or stability.
Core Buddies
VFS block formation in which two central flyers maintain a core vertical structure while the other two execute assigned transitions.
Cortex
VFS random formation forming a tight central structure requiring quick, controlled grips.
Creative / Free Round
Freestyle competition segment featuring self-choreographed routine, often to music.
Crank
Random formation shaped like a twisted wheel; Official Random N.
Crew Brief
Team briefing before jump covering plan, roles, and safety.
Cross
VFS random formation where flyers form a cross-shaped vertical configuration.
Cross braced
Refers to a canopy designed with longitudinal trussing between the vertical ribs to flatten and stiffen the wing in flight. Usually high-performance canopies.
Cross Relative Work (XRW)
Discipline combining a high-performance canopy pilot flying alongside a wingsuit flyer.
Crosswind
Flying a canopy perpendicular to the direction of the wind.
Cutaway
Releasing the malfunctioning main canopy before deploying the reserve.
Cutaway Handle
The handle (usually red) used to release the main canopy in case of malfunction.
Cycling Altimeter
Analog altimeter where the hand circles multiple times to indicate thousands of feet.
D
D-Bag
Deployment bag that holds the main canopy inside the container and controls line release during deployment.
Damage Inspection
Gear inspection performed after a hard landing, collision, or canopy strike.
Dangle
Loose equipment or line hanging in freefall; potential hazard.
Deadman
Relaxed freestyle position with limbs extended loosely; used for artistic flight.
Debrief
Post-jump or post-flight review with video analysis and coaching feedback.
Deceleration Flare
Canopy maneuver using toggles to reduce descent rate before landing.
Deployment
The process of opening the parachute by releasing the pilot chute.
Diamond
Formation or freestyle shape forming a rhombus; Official Block 10 – Diamond.
Ding
VFS block formation from the official FAI Block Pool characterized by a fast two-part sequence.
Dip
Quick body dip or reduction in surface area to descend or gain speed in tunnel flying.
Dirt Dive
A ground-based rehearsal of a planned skydive or tunnel sequence. Flyers walk through the formations, grips, and transitions on the ground (“on the dirt”) before the actual jump or flight to visualize timing, slot placement, and key signals. Used in all formation disciplines and team training to improve coordination and consistency.
Ditter
Slang for a digital audible altimeter providing altitude alerts via sound or vibration.
Dive
Movement or approach from above or behind toward a formation or target in freefall. In skydiving, a dive is used to quickly close distance to the base or formation after exit. In tunnel flying, a dive describes a descending transition or entry from higher levels of the airflow into another orientation or carve, often used in dynamic sequences to gain speed or flow.
Dive Flow
Planned sequence of moves or formations during a group skydive.
Dive Pool
Official list of formations and blocks used in competition (FS or VFS). It may also be referred to as RW or VRW, depending on the organization or era. Each dive pool contains predefined randoms and blocks that competitors must perform in sequence during a round, used in disciplines like Formation Skydiving (FS), Vertical Formation Skydiving (VFS), and Mixed Formation Skydiving (MFS).
Diver
Skydiver exiting after the base or floaters, diving steeply to close on the formation. Opposite of Floater.
Dock
To take a grip on another flyer or formation.
Door Exit
Standard aircraft exit through the side door; often by a chunk or small group.
Double Joker
VFS random formation combining mirrored Joker-style grip structures.
Double Rebel
VFS random formation with double vertical elements resembling the Rebel figure.
Downsize
To switch to a smaller canopy size, usually for higher performance. Requires more precise piloting and shorter recovery arcs.
Downwind
Flight or landing direction with wind from behind.
Dragon
Freestyle or dynamic body position in head-down orientation with arms and legs extended diagonally backward, creating a streamlined, powerful shape resembling a dragon in flight. Commonly used in artistic bodyflight terminology (Volkov system).
Drift
Lateral movement over the ground caused by wind.
Drogue
Small parachute used on tandem jumps to slow and stabilize freefall speed.
Drop Zone (DZ)
Skydiving area or facility where jumps are conducted.
Dry Run
Rehearsal of a flight or jump sequence without actual flying or jumping. It may include hand signals, body position practice, or simulated timing to refine coordination. In tunnel or formation skydiving, a dry run is often done before a dirt dive or tunnel entry to mentally and physically prepare for the sequence.
Dynamic Flying
Tunnel discipline focused on continuous carves, transitions, and loops; includes D2W and D4W.
D2W (Dynamic 2-Way)
Dynamic discipline where two flyers perform synchronized sequences around the tunnel; judged on speed and precision.
D4W (Dynamic 4-Way)
Four-person dynamic team performing coordinated transitions and carves.
E
Eagle
Head-up carving pose with wide arms and legs, chest forward. Also refers to a two-person maneuver transitioning over each other (Full Eagle or Half Eagle).
Effective Wind
Airflow acting on the flyer’s body depending on tunnel speed and body angle.
Elevator
Tunnel transition moving vertically between levels in dynamic flight.
Elliptical
A wing shape characterized by a tapering leading and trailing edge so that the middle of the canopy is wider, front to back, than the ends. This configuration is typical of many high performance canopies.
Entry
Entering the airflow safely from the tunnel door.
Equipment Check
Pre-jump inspection of all gear; also called Gear Check.
Exit
The act of leaving the aircraft or entering the tunnel airflow.
Experienced Jumper
Licensed skydiver with significant experience and jump numbers.
F
FAI
Fédération Aéronautique Internationale; world governing body for air sports including skydiving.
Figure
Defined freestyle element performed for scoring.
Fill In
Flyer replacing an absent team member in formation or team training.
Flare
Expansion of limbs to reduce fall rate or canopy braking before landing.
Flight Chamber
Transparent vertical tunnel where flyers perform bodyflight.
Flock
VFS random formation where flyers create a vertically oriented flock-like shape. (Not to be confused with wingsuit flocking.)
Flocking
Group wingsuit or canopy flight maintaining formation.
Float / Floater
Jumper exiting first and holding outside the aircraft awaiting the formation.
Flow round
Freestyle or dynamic competition round focused on smoothness, rhythm, and continuity rather than compulsory figures.
Flux
Transitional dynamic pose flowing between head-up and head-down orientations.
Fly Site
Specific section or “lane” in the tunnel designated for individual flyers or drills.
Flyer
Any person flying in a wind tunnel.
Flying Slot
Assigned position or role in a formation or tunnel team.
Focus Buddies
VFS block formation requiring synchronized vertical rotation between paired flyers.
Formation
Group of skydivers holding grips in a specific design or shape.
Formation Skydiving (FS)
Belly-to-earth discipline involving planned formations; formerly Relative Work.
Freefly
Discipline involving freefall in any orientation (head-up, head-down, sit, back). Competitive freefly includes two performers and one camera flyer with both free and compulsory rounds.
Freestyle
Artistic solo discipline combining choreography, transitions, and expression; includes one performer and one camera flyer or preformed solo if in a wind tunnel.
Front Float
FS exit position holding the front aircraft bar or door frame.
Front Layout
Transition from belly to back passing over the head.
Front Risers
Canopy risers connected to front lines (A and B) used to increase dive and speed.
Front Tuck
Belly orientation with knees pulled toward chest; used in dynamic transitions.
Full Breakers
Continuous barrel rolls linking dynamic lines in freestyle; opposite direction is Anti-Breakers.
Funnel
Collapse or loss of stability in a formation causing tumbling.
G
Gear Check
Inspection of all equipment before boarding; also called Equipment Check.
Gear Up
Slang for putting on the rig, jumpsuit, and helmet before boarding.
Gecko
Belly or back position with limbs extended diagonally outward like a climbing gecko.
Glide Ratio
The ratio of horizontal distance covered to vertical distance lost under canopy or wingsuit.
Go-Around
When an aircraft makes another pass over the DZ before jumpers exit; can also occur during landing.
Grip
Physical hold on another flyer’s arm, leg, or gripper during formation flying.
Ground Speed
The jumper’s horizontal speed relative to the ground.
Group Track
Coordinated horizontal flight for separation after break-off.
Gulley
VFS random formation with elongated vertical spacing and specific grip points forming a channel-like structure.
H
Hacky
Handle on a pilot chute used to initiate deployment.
Hard Deck
Minimum altitude to cut away a malfunctioning canopy.
Head Down
Advanced freefly orientation with head pointing toward the ground.
Head-Down Carve
Rotational movement while inverted, maintaining heading.
Head Switch
Dynamic transition involving orientation change from head-up to head-down or vice versa without interrupting flow.
Head Up
Upright freefly position; also called Sitfly.
Head-Up Carve
Rotational movement while upright, maintaining heading.
Helicopter
Controlled rotation around the vertical axis in a head-up or head-down position.
High Pull
Deploying the canopy at a higher altitude than normal for extended canopy flight.
High-Speed Malfunction
Canopy malfunction occurring while still at freefall speed, requiring immediate cutaway.
Hook Knife
Small safety knife carried to cut tangled lines or webbing.
Hook Knife Holder
Small sheath or pocket on the rig or leg strap used to secure the hook knife for emergency access.
Hook Turn
Sharp diving turn under canopy for speed before landing, usually using front risers.
Horizontals
Dynamic flying sequences or lines involving horizontal movement across the tunnel while maintaining a constant altitude and orientation. Performed in both head-up and head-down flight, horizontals connect vertical lines, circles, and snakes to form continuous dynamic patterns. In competition, horizontals test precision in heading control, level stability, and timing between teammates as they travel side to side through the tunnel.
Hop and Pop
Jump with immediate canopy deployment after exit.
Hot Load
Rapid aircraft turnaround where jumpers board while refueling.
Huck Jam
Informal tunnel flying session where flyers share time and experiment.
Human Ball
Fully tucked body position used in freestyle for fast spins or transitions.
Hybrid Jump
Skydive combining different flight orientations (belly, sit, head-down) in one formation.
I
Inface Carve
Tunnel carve performed with the flyer’s chest facing the center of rotation.
Instructor
Qualified and licensed individual supervising students or training sessions.
Instructor Rate
Discounted tunnel rate for instructor training or personal flying.
Inverted
Any upside-down flying orientation (e.g., head-down, back layouts).
Isolation Drill
Training exercise focusing on one specific skill or body part in tunnel progression.
J
Jackknife
Transitional move folding at the hips between belly and back orientations.
Jumprun
The aircraft’s flight line over the drop zone used to determine the exit point.
K
Key
Agreed-upon signal to initiate a move, transition, or break-off.
Key Grip
The designated grip used to signal the start of a formation or transition, serving as the visual or tactile cue for movement.
Kick
Intentional leg movement used to start or adjust spin or rotation.
Knee Drive
Control technique using knees to change pitch, roll, or turn rate.
L
Launch
The act of leaving the aircraft or beginning a tunnel sequence.
Layout
A fully extended, straight-body transition performed by rotating forward over the head while maintaining a rigid, aligned line from head to toes. The flyer’s hips remain tight, and arms are extended overhead or slightly outward for pitch and balance control. The layout is a key linking element in freestyle and dynamic flying, connecting belly and back orientations or transitioning between head-up and head-down flight. The backward version of this move, performed over the feet, is referred to as an Over the Feet Transition.
Layout Backfly
A fully extended, straight-body transition rotating forward over the head from a backfly orientation toward the belly. The flyer keeps a firm core and aligned body, with arms and legs extended for aerodynamic control. Commonly used in freestyle and dynamic flying to maintain continuous flow between orientations and emphasize precision in rotation.
Layout Belly
A fully extended, straight-body transition rotating forward over the head from a belly orientation toward the back. The flyer maintains a rigid body line from head to toes, with hips tight and arms extended overhead for balance and control. Used in freestyle and dynamic flying to connect belly and back orientations with smooth, flowing motion and clean line presentation.
Lead
Flyer who sets the line or direction in track, angle, or dynamic flying.
Level System
Tunnel progression program divided into levels to assess flyer skills.
Line Stretch
Point during deployment when canopy suspension lines are fully extended before canopy inflation.
Line Twists
Twisting of suspension lines after canopy deployment.
Lines
Dynamic flying term referring to defined flight paths or sequences flown through the tunnel, such as verticals, horizontals, circles, and snakes. Each line represents a continuous path in a specific direction or pattern, used to connect dynamic elements smoothly. In competition, lines are flown to demonstrate control, precision, and flow, and are scored based on accuracy of level, speed, and heading consistency. Also refers to canopy lines, they are the 'strings' connecting the canopy to the harness.
Load
Group of jumpers boarding a single aircraft.
Load Organizer (LO)
Person who plans and leads group jumps, especially during events or boogies.
Logbook
Official record of all jumps or tunnel sessions signed by instructors, coaches or responsible person at the DZ.
Low Pull
Dangerous parachute deployment at very low altitude.
Low-Speed Malfunction
Malfunction occurring after partial canopy inflation (e.g., line twists, end-cell closure) that may still be correctable under canopy.
M
Main
The primary parachute used for descent.
Main Lift Web
Vertical section of the parachute harness running from the leg strap to the shoulder, supporting most of the jumper’s weight.
Malfunction (Mal)
Any issue preventing the main canopy from deploying or flying correctly.
Maneuver
Any controlled body movement or transition in freefall or tunnel flight.
Mantis
Belly-fly body position with bent arms and slightly extended legs for precision.
Mantis Backfly
Backfly variation mirroring the mantis pose for stability.
Mantis Sit
Upright sitfly variation maintaining mantis-style arm control.
Match
Practice flight replicating competition sequences for consistency and timing.
Meeker
Formation with two pairs of flyers connected side by side; Official Random E – Meeker.
MFS (Mixed Formation Skydiving)
Discipline combining belly, sit, and head-down formations in one jump.
Micro-Dock
Very light or fingertip grip used in advanced formations or freestyle.
Mirror
Symmetrical position where two flyers mirror each other’s movements.
Mixed Anthem
VFS block formation combining mixed-orientation grips in a two-part rotational sequence.
Mixed Lines
Dynamic flying sequences that combine both vertical and horizontal movement within one continuous path. Mixed lines often include changes in altitude, direction, and orientation, linking verticals, horizontals, circles, and snakes into one flowing pattern. They are used in advanced dynamic routines and competition dive pools to demonstrate smooth transitions, precise level control, and timing between flyers.
Mixed Star
VFS random formation where flyers form a star shape using mixed (HU/HD) orientations.
Mixed Team
Formation skydiving or freefly team including flyers of different orientations or disciplines.
Mixed Wave
VFS random formation featuring a wave-like vertical shape with alternating orientations.
Mixed Way
Jump combining multiple flying orientations (belly, sit, head-down) within one formation.
Mixed Way Sequential
Hybrid large formation performing planned builds and transitions.
Mixer
Tunnel or freestyle move combining multiple transitions (such as layouts, rolls, or flares) into one continuous sequence. Used to demonstrate fluidity, control, and creativity in artistic flying.
Monopod
Block formation with one central flyer holding three others; Official Block 4 – Monopod.
Mushroom
Rounded body shape with elbows and knees bent inward; used in transitions.
N
Narrow
Streamlined body position with arms and legs close to the body to reduce drag.
Neutral
Stable, relaxed position with no directional input; used between transitions.
Net
Mesh floor in the tunnel separating flyers from the fans below.
Night Jump
Skydive performed after sunset; requires light equipment and special training.
Nod
Subtle head motion used as a signal to indicate readiness to exit or start a move.
No-Fly Zone
Restricted tunnel area reserved for instructors or where flying is unsafe.
Nose Point
The central front flyer or anchor point in a formation.
O
Off Heading
Canopy opening facing a different direction than intended.
Open Accordion
Formation with flyers linked hand-to-hand in a line; Official Random F – Open Accordion.
Opal
Block formation shaped like a diamond with alternating grips; Official Block 5 – Opal.
Out
Person responsible for spotting and being first to exit the aircraft.
Out-of-Sequence
Formation performed out of correct order during competition.
Outface Carve
Tunnel carve with chest facing away from the center of rotation.
Otter / Caravan
Common aircraft types used at drop zones. Otter is twin engine while Caravan is single engine.
Over-Head Cam
Camera mounted above the tunnel for video review and coaching.
Over-Under
Dynamic move where one flyer passes directly over another in coordinated motion; used in Half Eagle or Full Eagle sequences.
Over-the-Feet Transition
Dynamic transition moving from belly to back or the other way around over the feet.
Over-the-Head Transition
Dynamic transition moving from belly to back or the other way around over the head.
P
Pack Job
The process of folding and stowing the parachute into the container.
Parachute
Fabric canopy system used to slow descent and land safely.
Parachute Assembly
Complete system including main, reserve, harness, and container.
Pattern
J-shaped canopy flight path before landing for safety and predictability.
Peas Pit
Landing area filled with pea gravel for softer landings.
Phalanx
Formation with flyers diagonally offset forming a wedge; Official Random Q – Phalanx.
Photog
Slang for camera flyer or photographer.
Pike
Freestyle position with body bent sharply at the hips.
Pilot Chute
Small parachute that extracts the main canopy from the container during deployment.
Pilot Chute Assist (PCA)
BASE system where an assistant holds the pilot chute for instant deployment.
Pinned Wheel
VFS block formation involving a rotational wheel built around a fixed vertical axis.
Pinwheel
VFS block formation where flyers create a wheel-type structure and rotate around its axis.
Pipe
Bent-at-the-waist body position used in dynamic transitions or layouts.
Plank
Straight, stiff body alignment used for belly or back stability.
Plane Out
To level the canopy after a diving turn before landing.
PLF (Parachute Landing Fall)
Controlled roll used to absorb impact on landing.
Point
Designated flyer in a formation responsible for specific grips.
Pouch
Pocket on a rig or jumpsuit that holds the pilot chute.
Pretzel
Twisted or crossed-leg body position used in advanced freestyle transitions.
Pro-Rate (USPA)
A USPA demonstration jumper rating that certifies a skydiver to perform exhibition or stadium jumps before large crowds. Holders of a PRO rating must meet specific landing accuracy standards and safety requirements./ PRO RATE – Tunnel terminology for a discounted hourly price offered to experienced flyers (proflyers) who can fly safely without instructor supervision. Pro rates differ from first-time flyer rates and are typically used for training or team flying sessions.
ProFlyer
Tunnel flyer who can safely share airflow without supervision.
ProFlyer Rates
Discounted tunnel pricing for skilled flyers requiring no coaching.
Progression Drill
Structured tunnel or jump exercise focusing on specific bodyflight skills; used within a level-based progression system.
Progressive
Gradual increase in tunnel speed or maneuver difficulty during training.
ProTrack
Brand name for an audible altimeter and data recorder made by Larsen & Brusgaard (L&B). The device tracks jump data such as altitude, freefall time, and fall rate, and provides audible alerts during freefall and canopy flight. Often generically referred to as a “pro tracker,” though it specifically refers to the L&B ProTrack model.
Pull
To deploy the parachute.
Pull Altitude
The altitude at which the parachute is deployed.
Q
Quad
Formation or team of four flyers; often referred to as 4-Way.
Quadrant
One quarter of a big way formation, 90 degree's angle. Each flyer must stay in their quadrant for the whole duration of the skydive.
Quarter Turn
90-degree rotation used in formation transitions.
Quick Loop
Fast continuous looping movement in freestyle.
R
Ram Air Parachute
Modern, steerable canopy that inflates through front-facing cells to form a rigid, flexible wing (airfoil) for high-performance gliding, maneuverability, and soft landings.
RDS (Removable Deployment System)
System allowing canopy pilots to remove deployment gear to reduce drag.
Rebel
VFS random formation with opposing vertical elements creating a distinctive two-level shape.
Relative Work (RW)
Generally older term for belly-to-earth formation skydiving; now called Formation Skydiving (FS). Less commonly used in freefly, in both meaning when two or more skydivers form specific, pre-planned shapes during freefall.
Reserve
Backup parachute packed and sealed by a certified rigger.
Return Flyer
Tunnel flyer who has flown before and no longer requires beginner instruction.
Rigger
Certified parachute technician responsible for packing, inspection, and repair.
Rig
Complete parachute system including container, harness, main, reserve, and AAD.
Ripcord
Handle or cable releasing a spring loaded pilot chute (mainly on tandem or military rigs).
Roll Rate
Speed of body rotation around an axis.
Rotation
The act of taking turns in the tunnel airflow during shared time.
Round
Circular canopy design used before modern square parachutes; also describes a competition segment.
RSL (Reserve Static Line)
Safety device that automatically deploys the reserve parachute when the main canopy is cut away.
RW Team
Formation skydiving team competing in 4-way, 6-way, 8-way, 16-way, etc.
S
S/TA (Safety and Training Advisor)
Safety and Training Advisor. A certified senior skydiver appointed by a drop zone or national parachuting organization to oversee safety, training standards, and compliance with regulations. The S/TA assists instructors, conducts safety briefings, and reports incidents or rule violations to the governing body.
Satellite
Formation with a central base and additional flyers orbiting or linked around it; Official Random O – Satellite.
Sector
Designated area in the tunnel used for positioning, transitions, or drills. Used also as a term in big ways to make the planning and execution easier.
Sequence
Planned order of moves or formations in competition or training.
Session
Scheduled block of tunnel time, usually measured in minutes.
Session Plan
Pre-defined list of exercises or goals for a tunnel or jump session, often created by a coach to track progression.
Shenanigans
Slang for a spontaneous, often humorous fun jump or tunnel session involving unconventional formations, costumes, or unplanned antics.
Shoeshine
VFS random formation requiring tight mirrored grips creating a compact shape.
Shorty
VFS block formation involving a short-radius rotational sequence. Also used an endearing term for short pant legs pants or full suits.
Side Body
Formation where two flyers are perpendicular, one holding the other’s arm and leg; Official Random P – Sidebody.
Side Flake Opal
Block combining a side flake with an opal layout; Official Block 3 – Side Flake Opal.
Side Slide
Horizontal movement sideways while maintaining stable orientation.
Signal
Non-verbal cue used in freefall or tunnel to communicate readiness or changes.
Sitfly
Upright freefly position with torso vertical and knees bent; also referred to as Head-Up.
Sit Crouch
Sitfly variation with tighter knee angle and compact posture.
Sit Straight
Sitfly position with torso upright and arms slightly forward.
Sit Wide
Sitfly variation with legs spread wide for increased stability.
Skill Tree
A visual or conceptual map of progression goals in flying disciplines, showing which skills must be learned before advancing to higher levels.
Skyhook
Reserve deployment assist system using main canopy risers to extract the reserve faster after a cutaway.
Skysphere
Freestyle move involving full-body rotation along all three axes.
Six-Way
Formation with six flyers, common in intermediate team training or fun jumps.
Slot
Assigned position within a formation or tunnel team.
Snap
Quick aggressive movement used to initiate rotation or finish a canopy turn.
Snakes
Dynamic flying move weaving in flowing S-shapes around the tunnel; fundamental in dynamic routines.
Soft Links (Slinks)
High-strength fabric connectors used in skydiving to attach parachute suspension lines to the risers, replacing traditional metal links.
Speed Build
In formation skydiving, the process of completing a formation as quickly as possible after exit, often used in training for competition efficiency.
Speed Rounds
Dynamic competition rounds judged on fastest sequence completion.
Speed Skydiving
Discipline measuring maximum vertical freefall speed.
Speed Star
Formation competition where teams race to build a star formation after exit.
Sphinx
Belly position with forearms forward and head raised, resembling the Egyptian sphinx.
Spin
Rotational movement around the vertical axis, controlled or unintentional.
Spiral
Continuous diving turn under canopy or in freefly.
Split
Freestyle position with legs extended apart horizontally or vertically.
Spot
The point over the ground from which skydivers exit the aircraft.
Spotter
Tunnel instructor or coach assisting and protecting flyers during training.
Square
Modern rectangular canopy design used in sport parachuting.
Stadium
Mental model of how to approach a base. If below the base flyers should go equal parts towards it as up, when above the base flyers should go equal parts towards it as down.
StairStep Diamond
Formation arranged diagonally in a stair-like diamond shape; Official Random B – Stairstep Diamond.
Stalactite
Head-down body position with arms extended upward like a hanging shape.
Stalagmite
Head-up body position with arms extended downward.
Stall
Loss of lift or forward motion under canopy or in tunnel due to airflow disruption.
Stand
Upright head-up position with straight legs and vertical torso; user in freestyle and dynamic transitions.
Star
Formation where all flyers grip each other’s arms forming a circle; Official Random M – Star.
Static Line
Line attached to the aircraft that automatically deploys the parachute for students.
Static Line BASE
BASE jumping method using a static line attached to the object for immediate deployment.
Stinger
Extended leg or tail kick in freestyle flying; also a flyer joining a formation by one grip.
Streamer
Parachute malfunction where the canopy fails to inflate fully, forming a streamer shape.
Student
Beginner jumper still in training.
Sunset Load
Last jump of the day, often social or scenic.
Superman
Belly-fly position with both arms extended forward.
Superman Backfly
Backfly variation with arms extended overhead.
Swan
Belly-fly pose with arms curved backward and chest arched upward.
Sweep
Smooth flowing transition between freestyle positions.
Swoop
High-speed canopy landing discipline emphasizing speed and accuracy; also called Canopy Piloting.
Swoop Pond
Water pond used for canopy piloting competitions and distance measurement.
T
T-Bird
VFS random formation resembling a vertical T-shape.
Table
Belly or back position with arms and legs forming right angles.
Tail
FS slot position of the rear-most flyer in a formation team, responsible for stability during aircraft exit.
Tandem
Jump where a student is attached to an instructor sharing one parachute system.
Tap Out
Light touch signaling the end of tunnel time or a session handoff.
Technical Round
Freestyle competition round judged on execution of required figures.
Tee / Tee Position (T-Position)
Body position with arms extended sideways forming a “T” and one leg extended under the flyer; used for balance or artistic flow. Sometimes called a Ballerina, Swan, Flamingo.
Thomas Flare
A dynamic freestyle move adapted from gymnastics, originally named after American gymnast Kurt Thomas. The flyer performs a wide, circular flaring motion of the legs and hips while rotating through different orientations, maintaining flow and body control. In bodyflight, the move connects layouts, carves, and transitions in a single looping sequence.
Tilt
Angled body position between horizontal and vertical orientations.
Toe Point
Freestyle position emphasizing extended legs and pointed toes.
Toggling
Steering the canopy by pulling on control lines (toggles).
Top Spot
VFS block formation where one flyer occupies the top position during rotation.
Track
Forward horizontal flight posture with arms back and legs straightened.
Track Back
Reverse tracking used for backward horizontal flight.
Track Suit
Suit with extra surface area designed for tracking or angle flight.
Transition
Move from one orientation to another (e.g., head-up to head-down).
Trim
Line length or setting affecting canopy flight characteristics.
Trident
VFS random formation forming a three-pointed vertical shape.
Tube
Cylindrical body shape with arms and legs forming a circular outline.
Tunnel Brief
Pre-flight discussion outlining drills, goals, and safety before entering airflow.
Tunnel Break
Deviation or interruption of a planned line in dynamic flying, often resulting in a bust or deduction.
Tunnel Camp
Organized multi-day tunnel training event.
Tunnel Instructor
Certified coach trained to operate and supervise in a wind tunnel.
Tunnel Rat
Slang for someone who spends extensive time training or working in tunnels.
Tunnel Tilt
Slight angular deviation from correct body alignment during a carve or transition, noted by judges in competition scoring.
Tunnel Time
Paid minutes of flight in a vertical wind tunnel.
Turbulance
Disturbed airflow causing instability in canopy flight or bodyflight.
Turn rig
Secondary rig used to enable continuous jumping or training cycles. This alows a skydiver to go on back to back flights.
U
Upwind
Direction facing into the wind, preferred for safe canopy landings.
V
Vertical Separation
The vertical distance maintained between flyers or groups to ensure safety during freefall or tunnel flight. In skydiving, vertical separation prevents collisions during break-off or deployment, while in tunnel flying it helps manage airspace between levels. Proper vertical separation is critical in dynamic and team flying to avoid burbles and maintain control.
Verticals
Dynamic flying sequences or moves involving vertical transitions between different heights of the tunnel while maintaining the same body orientation (head-up or head-down). Verticals are core elements in dynamic routines, where flyers move smoothly up and down the chamber, often linking with carves, snakes, or layouts to form continuous lines. In competition, verticals refer to dive pool elements requiring clean altitude changes and synchronized control between teammates.
Visual Altitude
Estimating altitude visually without using an instrument.
V-Line
Head-up or head-down position with legs forming a V shape.
V-Pose
Freestyle pose forming a wide V shape with the body and legs.
VIPER
Block formation with diagonal layout used in advanced rounds (old training variant).
W
Wave
Smooth body undulation through airflow used in freestyle sequences.
Wave (VFS)
VFS random formation forming a gentle vertical wave pattern (Not to be confused with dynamic “horizontals”).
Wave Off
Hand signal given before deployment to alert nearby jumpers.
Wind Line
Flight path adjusted to compensate for wind drift during exit or canopy flight.
Wind Speed
Airflow velocity inside the tunnel determining lift and difficulty.
Wind Tunnel
Vertical airflow simulator used for bodyflight and skydiving training.
Wing
Belly or back position with one arm extended outward creating asymmetry.
Wingsuit
Specialized jumpsuit with fabric wings between arms and legs enabling a much better glide ratio.
Wingsuit Acrobatics
Artistic discipline involving synchronized or individual wingsuit maneuvers.
Wingsuit BASE
BASE jump performed with a wingsuit from a fixed object.
Wingsuit Burble Flying
Flying directly behind another wingsuit flyer to surf or manage turbulent wake; advanced proximity skill requiring control and awareness.
Wingsuit Performance
Competitive wingsuit discipline measuring distance, time, and speed.
Wingsuit Rodeo
Jump where one flyer rides another’s back during wingsuit flight.
Wipeout
Loss of control in freefly or tunnel resulting in instability or collision.
Worm
Flowing undulation of body segments used in dynamic or artistic flying.
Wrap
Entanglement between canopies or suspension lines during flight.
X
XRW (Cross Relative Work)
Discipline combining a high-performance canopy pilot flying alongside a wingsuit flyer; also called Extreme RW.
Y
Yoke
Upper part of a parachute harness connecting the main lift webs over the shoulders.
Yoga
Controlled freestyle position inspired by yoga poses or stretches.
Z
Zero Porosity (ZP)
Low-permeability nylon fabric used in modern sport parachutes for durability and consistent performance.
Z-Fabric
Specific parachute fabric type made from zero-porosity nylon.
Zig Zag
Block formation alternating diagonally up and down between flyers; Official Block 21 – Zig Zag.
Zins
VFS block formation consisting of asymmetric vertical transitions in two phases.
Zircon
Compact diamond-like block formation requiring tight control (old non-official term).
Zombie
Belly or back position with arms extended forward and limp, stylized for freestyle routines.
Zipper
Closure on jumpsuits or wingsuits; also slang for a clean, fast freestyle movement. In big ways refers to two sides closing shoulder to shoulder facing the same direction (looks like a zipper).
Feedback & Contributions
We missed something? Got something wrong?
Let us know at pkairik@gmail.com — we’ll gladly review and update the glossary to keep it as complete and accurate as possible.
Disclaimer & References
This glossary is a non-commercial hobby project created for educational and community purposes, aiming to make skydiving and indoor bodyflight terminology more accessible to students, coaches, and enthusiasts. It is not an official publication of any organization, and all information was compiled with the intent of accuracy, consistency, and respect for industry standards.
Primary References and Sources:
- United States Parachute Association (USPA) – Skydiver’s Information Manual (SIM)
- British Skydiving (formerly BPA) – Formation Skydiving Dive Pool Reference and Instructor Training Manuals
- FAI / ISC (International Skydiving Commission) – Formation Skydiving, Artistic Events, and Wingsuit Performance Rules
- Indoor Skydiving Source (ISS) – Bodyflight and tunnel terminology reference
- Windoor Realfly / iFLY / Tunnel Instructor – Professional tunnel coaching terminology and skill progression systems
- Wingsuit World League / FAI Wingsuit Performance Events – Discipline and judging terminology
- The Wind Games, TunnelSport.com, WISC – Dynamic and freestyle competition terms
- Equipment manufacturers (PD, UPT, CYPRES, Vigil, LB Altimeters) – Gear, AAD, and canopy-related terminology
Special Acknowledgment:
Bodyflight terminology section and positional naming were enhanced thanks to Leonid Volkov’s contribution and reference materials, including his Bodyflying Positions Table (2025).
All effort has been made to maintain fidelity to the original meaning and use of each term as recognized within the global skydiving and tunnel flying community.